Thermodynamic systems
Work done during volume change
Heat and work; Internal energy and First law of thermodynamics
Thermodynamic processes: Adiabatic, isochoric, isothermal and isobaric
Heat capacities of an ideal gas at constant pressure and volume and relation between them
Isothermal and Adiabatic processes for an ideal gas.
Thermodynamic systems and direction of thermodynamic processes
Second law of thermodynamics
Heat engines
Internal combustion engines: Otto cycle, Diesel cycle; Carnot cycle
Refrigerator
Entropy and disorder (introduction only)
Speed of wave motion; Velocity of sound in solid and liquid
Velocity of sound in gas
Laplace’s correction
Effect of temperature, pressure, humidity on velocity of sound.
Stationary waves in closed and open pipes
Harmonics and overtones in closed and open organ pipes
End correction in pipes
Velocity of transverse waves along a stretched string
Vibration of string and overtones
Laws of vibration of fixed string.
Sound waves: Pressure amplitude
Characteristics of sound: Intensity; loudness, quality and pitch
Doppler’s effect.
Huygen’s principle
Reflection and Refraction according to wave theory
Diffraction from a single slit
Diffraction pattern of image; Diffraction grating
Resolving power of optical instruments.
Kirchhoff’s law
Wheatstone bridge circuit; Meter bridge
Potentiometer: Comparison of e.m.f., measurement of internal resistances of a cell
Super conductors; Perfect conductors
Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter and ammeter; Ohmmeter
Joule’s law
Seebeck effect; Thermocouples
Peltier effect: Variation of thermoelectric e.m.f. with temperature; Thermopile
Magnetic field lines and magnetic flux; Oersted’s experiment
Force on moving charge; Force on a conductor
Force and Torque on rectangular coil, Moving coil galvanometer
Hall effect
Magnetic field of a moving charge
Biot and Savart law and its application to (i) a circular coil (ii) a long straight conductor (iii) a long solenoid
Ampere’s law and its applications to (i) a long straight conductor (ii) a straight solenoid (iii) a toroidal solenoid
Force between two parallel conductors carrying current- definition of ampere
Magnetic field lines and magnetic flux
Flux density in magnetic material; Relative permeability; Susceptibility
Hysteresis
Dia,-para- and ferro-magnetic materials.
Faraday’s laws; Induced electric fields
Lenz’s law, Motional electromotive force
A.C. generators; Eddy currents
Self-inductance and mutual inductance
Energy stored in an inductor
Transformer.
Peak and rms value of AC current and voltage
AC through a resistor, a capacitor and an inductor
Phasor diagram
Series circuits containing combination of resistance, capacitance and inductance
Series resonance, quality factor
Power in AC circuits: power factor
Milikan’s oil drop experiment
Motion of electron beam in electric and magnetic fields
Thomson’s experiment to determine specific charge of electrons
Quantum nature of radiation
Einstein’s photoelectric equation; Stopping potential
Measurement of Plank’s constant
P-N Junction
Semiconductor diode: Characteristics in forward and reverse bias
Full wave rectification
Logic gates; NOT, OR, AND, NAND and NOR.
Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom
Spectral series; Excitation and ionization potentials
Energy level; Emission and absorption spectra
De Broglie Theory; Duality
Uncertainly principle
X-rays: Nature and production; uses
X-rays diffraction, Bragg’s law.
Alpha-particles; Beta-particles, Gamma rays
Laws of radioactive disintegration
Half-life, mean-life and decay constant
Geiger-Muller Tube
Carbon dating
Medical use of nuclear radiation and possible health hazard.