Biomolecules (4H): Introduction and functions of: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, minerals, enzymes and water.
Cell (8H): Introduction of cell, concepts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, detail structure of eukaryotic cells (composition, structure and functions of cell wall, cell membrane, mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, ribosomes, nucleus, chromosomes, cilia, flagella and cell inclusions.
Cell division (3H): Concept of cell cycle, types of cell division (amitosis, mitosis and meiosis) and significances.
Introduction (1H): Three domains of life, binomial nomenclature, five kingdom classification system (Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia).
Fungi (3H): General introduction, characteristic features, structure and Reproduction of Mucor and Yeast, introduction of Mushrooms, economic importance.
Lichen (1H): General introduction, characteristic features and economic importance.
Algae (2H): General introduction and characteristic feature of green, brown and red algae; structure and reproduction of Spirogyra. Economic importance.
Bryophyta (2H): General introduction, characteristic features, morphological structure and reproduction of Marchantia. Economic importance.
Pteridophyta (2H): General introduction, characteristic features, morphological structure and reproduction of Dryopteris. Economic importance.
Gymnosperm (3H): General introduction, characteristic features, morphology and reproduction of Pinus. Economic importance.
Angiosperm (16H): Morphology (root, stem, leaves, inflorescences, flowers and fruit); Taxonomic study: Definition, taxonomic hierarchy, classification systems (artificial, natural and phylogenetic) of angiosperms, taxonomic description of the families – Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, and Liliaceae with economic importance.
Monera (3H): General introduction, structure of bacterial cell, mode of nutrition, bacterial growth; cyanobacteria (blue green algae).
Virus (1H): General introduction, structure and importance of virus, bacteriophage.
Impacts (1H): Impacts of biotechnology in the field of microbiology.
Ecosystem ecology (7H): Concept of ecology, biotic and abiotic factors, species interactions; concept of ecosystem, structural and functional aspects of pond and forest ecosystem, food chain, food web, trophic level, ecological pyramids, productivity, biogeochemical cycle - carbon and nitrogen cycles, concept of succession.
Ecological Adaptation (2H): Concept of adaptation, hydrophytes and xerophytes.
Ecological Imbalances (2H): Green house effects and climate change, depletion of ozone layer, acid rain and biological invasion.
Vegetation (3H): Introduction, types of vegetation in Nepal, concept of In-situ and Ex-situ conservation. Natural environment-vegetation and human activities.
Introduction to Biology (1H): Scope and fields of biology. Relation with other science.
Life and its Origin (2H): Oparin-Haldane theory, Miller and Urey's experiment.
Evidences of evolution (5H): Morphological, Anatomical, Paleontological, Embryological and Biochemical.
Theories of evolution (3H): Lamarckism, Darwinism & concept of Neo Darwinism.
Human evolution (5H): Position of man in animal kingdom. Differences between new world monkeys & old world monkeys, apes & man. Evolution of modern man.
Protista (4H): Outline classification. Protozoa: diagnostic features and classification up to class; detailed study of Paramecium caudatum, Plasmodium vivax.
Animalia (14H): Level of organization, body plan, body symmetry, body cavity and segmentation in animals. Diagnostic features and classification (up to class) of Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata and Chordata.
Detailed study of: Earthworm (Pheretima posthuma) - External features, Digestive, Excretory, Nervous & Reproductive systems. Frog (Rana tigrina) - External features, Digestive, Blood vascular, Respiratory and Reproductive systems.