Introduction to gravimetric analysis, volumetric analysis and equivalent weight
Relationship between equivalent weight, atomic weight and valency
Equivalent weight of compounds (acid, base, salt, oxidizing and reducing agents)
Concentration of solution and its units in terms of : Percentage, g/L, molarity, molality, normality and formality, ppm and ppb
Primary and secondary standard substances
Law of equivalence and normality equation
Titration and its types: Acid-base titration, redox titration (related numerical problems)
Introduction to Acids and Bases
Limitation of Arrhenius concepts of acids and bases
Bronsted –Lowry definition of acids and bases
Relative strength of acids and bases
Conjugate acid –base pairs
Lewis definition of acids and bases
Ionization of weak electrolyte (Ostwald's dilution law)
Ionic product of water (Kw)
Dissociation constant of acid and base, (Ka & Kb)
Concept of pKa and pKb
pH value: pH of strong and weak acids, pH of strong and weak bases
Solubility and solubility product principle
Common Ion effect
Application of solubility product principle and common ion effect in precipitation reactions
Buffer solution and its application
Indicators and selection of indicators in acid base titration
Types of salts: Acidic salts, basic salts, simple salts, complex salts (introduction and examples)
Hydrolysis of salts: Salts of strong acid and strong base, Salts of weak acid and strong base, Salts of weak base and strong acid (solving related numerical problems)
Introduction
Rate of reactions: Average and instantaneous rate of reactions
Rate law and its expressions
Rate constant and its unit and significance
Order and molecularity
Integrated rate equation for zero and first order reaction
Half-life of zero and first order reactions
Collision theory, concept of activation energy and activated complex
Factors affecting rate of reactions: Effect of concentration, temperature (Arrhenius Equation) and effect of catalyst (energy profile diagram)
Catalysis and types of catalysis: homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzyme catalysis (solving related numerical problems based on rate, rate constant and order of zero and first order reactions)
Introduction
Energy in chemical reactions
Internal energy
First law of thermodynamics
Enthalpy and enthalpy changes: Endothermic and exothermic processes
Enthalpy of reaction, enthalpy of solution, enthalpy of formation, enthalpy of combustion
Laws of thermochemistry (Laplace Law and Hess’s law)
Entropy and spontaneity
Second law of thermodynamics
Gibbs' free energy and prediction of spontaneity
Relationship between $\Delta G$ and equilibrium constant (Solving related numerical problems)
Electrode potential and standard electrode potential
Types of electrodes: Standard hydrogen electrode and calomel electrodes
Electrochemical series and its applications
Voltaic cell: Zn-Cu cell, Ag-Cu cell
Cell potential and standard cell potential
Relationship between cell potential and free energy
Commercial batteries and fuel cells (hydrogen/oxygen)
Introduction
Characteristics of transition metals
Oxidation states of transition metals
Complex ions and metal complexes
Shapes of complex ions
d-orbitals in complex ions (simple explanation by crystal field theory) for octahedral complex
Reasons for the colour of transition metal compounds
Catalytic properties of transition metals
Copper: Occurrence and extraction of copper from copper pyrite, Properties and uses of copper, Chemistry (preparation, properties and uses) of blue vitriol, Other compounds of copper (red oxide and black oxide of copper) formula and uses only
Zinc: Occurrence and extraction of zinc from zinc blende, Properties and uses of zinc, Chemistry (preparation, properties and uses) of white vitriol
Mercury: Occurrence and extraction of mercury from cinnabar, Properties of mercury, Chemistry (preparation, properties and uses) of calomel and corrosive sublimate
Iron: Occurrence and extraction of iron, Properties and uses of iron, Manufacture of steel by Basic Oxygen Method and Open Hearth Process, Corrosion of iron and its prevention
Silver: Occurrence and extraction of silver by cyanide process, Preparation and uses of silver chloride and silver nitrate